| Tittel: | State liability in EEA law | | Ansvar: | Eiríkur Jónsson and Valgerður Sólnes | | Forfatter: | Jónsson, Eiríkur  / Sólnes, Valgerður | | Materialtype: | Artikkel - elektronisk | | Signatur: | Tidsskrift for rettsvitenskap | | Utgitt: | Oslo : Universitetsforlaget, 2022 | | Omfang: | S. 112-166 | | Serie: | Tidsskrift for rettsvitenskap ; 1/2022 | | Emneord: | EFTA-domstolen / Erstatningsansvar / Erstatningsrett / EØS / Rettspraksis / Vitenskapelig publikasjon | | Geografiske emneord: | Island / Norge | | Innhold: | Sammendrag
Denne artikkelen undersøker den eksisterende rettspraksis fra EFTA-domstolen, sammen med rettspraksis fra Islands Høyesterett og Norges Høyesterett, angående statlig erstatningsansvar ved brudd på EØS-forpliktelser. EFTA-domstolen har fastslått at EFTA-statene er – i følge av med et generelt prinsipp om statsansvar for brudd på EØS-retten – forpliktet til å ute erstatning for tap og skade påført enkeltpersoner og økonomiske aktører som følge av brudd på forpliktelser etter EØS-avtalen. Denne artikkelen tar sikte på å beskrive hva dette spesifikke rettsmiddelet innebærer og hva som er ansvarsvilkårene for EFTA-statens erstatningsansvar. Den skadelidte kan ha rett til erstatning både etter det generelle prinsippet i EØS-retten om det offentliges erstatningsansvar ved brudd på EØS-rett og nasjonale erstatningsrettslige regler.
Nøkkelord: EØS-rett, statlig erstatningsansvar
Abstract
This paper examines the body of existing case-law of the EFTA Court, along with the case-law of the Icelandic and Norwegian courts of last resort, with respect to governmental liability for breaches of EEA law. This type of State liability in tort arises from an EFTA State’s failure to fulfil its international obligations and is thus not confined to national law. The EFTA Court has established that the EFTA states are – in accordance with a general principle of State liability for breaches of EEA law – obliged to provide compensation for loss and damage caused to individuals and economic operators as a result of breaches of obligations under the EEA Agreement for which the State in question can be held accountable. This paper aims to describe what this specific legal remedy entails and what are its conditions for State liability in tort. A claimant may be entitled to compensation under both the general principle of EEA law and the national law of torts, in which case any claim must be made based on one or both sets of rules. The EFTA Court has established that an EFTA state may be held accountable for breach of its obligations under EEA law when three conditions are met. First, the EEA rule infringed must be intended to confer rights on individuals and economic operators. The terms have been interpreted broadly and this condition rarely causes difficulty in practice. Second, the breach must be sufficiently serious, a condition resembling the requirement for a higher level of culpability in Icelandic and Norwegian tort law. As to how this condition should be assessed, the EFTA Court’s case-law provides some guidance, which the Icelandic and Norwegian national courts have sought to follow. The case-law of the national courts indicates that they take the general principle of EEA law to require holding claimants to a relatively stringent standard in substantiating the seriousness of breaches of EEA law. Third, as in Icelandic and Norwegian tort law there must be a direct causal link between the breach and the claimant’s loss or damage. Lastly, in determining if loss or damage has been sufficiently established, the rules of national tort law apply.
Keywords: EEA law, State liability, case-law, EFTA Court, Iceland, Norway, tort law
| | Del av verk: | Tidsskrift for rettsvitenskap 1/2022 |
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